From the Catalog to the Field: A Brief History of Western Field Shotguns
The legacy of American firearms is etched with names that resonate with history, ingenuity, and the spirit of the outdoors. Among these, the Western Field brand stands as a testament to a time when affordability and practicality went hand in hand, particularly in the realm of sporting arms. This article will delve into the world of the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun, exploring its origins, characteristics, variations, and enduring appeal to both hunters and collectors alike.
Western Field wasn’t a gun manufacturer in the traditional sense. Instead, it was a brand name primarily associated with Montgomery Ward, a retail giant that catered to American consumers for decades. Much like Sears’s “Savage” brand, Western Field offered a range of firearms, often sourced from established manufacturers under contract. These firearms were then branded and sold through Montgomery Ward’s catalogs and retail stores, offering a cost-effective alternative to the more well-known brands of the era. This business model was a cornerstone of American commerce, making quality firearms accessible to a wider range of people, particularly those living in rural areas or with limited budgets.
The genesis of the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun, like other Western Field firearms, is tied directly to these manufacturing partnerships. The brand drew upon the expertise and production capabilities of prominent gunmakers, tailoring designs to meet Montgomery Ward’s specifications. While identifying the precise manufacturers for all Western Field models can be complex, research reveals that the 20-gauge pump shotguns were frequently sourced from companies like Savage Arms, Mossberg, and possibly others, re-branded and sold under the Western Field name.
This unique arrangement contributed to the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun’s appeal. It offered the reliability and performance associated with established manufacturers but at a price point that made them attractive to a vast customer base. This made Western Field shotguns, especially the 20-gauge variants, a popular choice for those seeking a versatile and affordable firearm for hunting, target shooting, or even home defense.
Understanding the Anatomy: Features of the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun
At its core, the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun embodies the tried-and-true principles of pump-action design. The pump-action mechanism, characterized by a sliding fore-end that is manually cycled to eject spent shells and load new rounds, delivers a straightforward and inherently reliable operation. This user-friendly design, coupled with its relatively simple construction, contributes significantly to the shotgun’s appeal.
The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun typically features a receiver constructed from steel, ensuring durability and the ability to withstand the stresses of repeated firing. Barrels, ranging in length depending on the specific model and intended use, are usually crafted from the same durable steel. The barrel will feature either fixed chokes, or sometimes, it would have a screw in choke system. The majority will have bead front sights, providing a basic, yet effective, aiming system for hunting and sporting applications.
Stocks and fore-ends are generally made of wood, giving the guns a classic appearance. Many variants may also have synthetic stocks and forends. The finish, applied to the metal components, would typically be blued, offering protection against corrosion and adding to the shotgun’s aesthetic appeal.
Magazine capacity, a crucial aspect, typically holds a few rounds, dependent on the model. The 20-gauge shells are naturally smaller than their 12-gauge cousins, making the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun a bit lighter and easier to handle. The overall design focuses on functionality, simplicity, and ease of use, characteristics that have endeared this shotgun to generations of shooters.
Exploring the Family Tree: Notable Models and Variations
Identifying the specific models of the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun can be a journey into the past, as identifying the original manufacturers is sometimes difficult. However, some of the most commonly encountered model designations provide insights into its rich lineage.
Model 550
The Model 550 is one that often comes up in conversations about Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotguns. These were frequently made by Savage Arms and its derivatives, which were known for their robust construction and reliable performance.
Model 555
Similar to the 550, these models provide a reliable pump-action.
Other Models
Other models, often with different numbers, also surfaced under the Western Field brand. These shotguns were frequently produced by Mossberg, known for their innovation.
Variations within these models included differences in barrel length, choke options, stock materials, and cosmetic details. Some models featured distinct stock designs, like the straight grip or pistol grip configurations, adding to the shotgun’s visual appeal. The diversity ensured that there was a Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun to suit a wide range of preferences and shooting needs.
Diving Deeper: Features, Specifications, and Engineering
Beyond the general description, a deeper understanding of the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun requires looking at its specific features. Barrel construction, including the material (steel), is a key factor in the shotgun’s durability and accuracy. Depending on the model, the barrel may have a fixed choke, designed to manage the spread of the shot. Some may even have screw in chokes. The fore-end and stock are often constructed from wood, usually walnut or a similar type. These woods give the shotgun a classic look and are relatively easy to maintain, though they require regular oiling to protect the wood grain.
The pump-action mechanism itself is a marvel of simplicity. It consists of a sliding fore-end connected to the bolt by action bars. The shooter pulls back on the fore-end to extract the spent shell, and the rearward motion cocks the hammer and allows a fresh round to be loaded from the magazine. The forward motion chambers the new round and readies the shotgun for firing.
Safety features usually include a cross-bolt safety, located near the trigger, and a manual safety. These help to prevent accidental discharge.
Overall dimensions and weight vary depending on the barrel length and stock configuration, but the 20-gauge guns tend to be lighter and easier to handle than their 12-gauge counterparts. Trigger pull varies slightly between models.
From the Field to the Range: Intended Uses and Practical Applications
The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun’s versatility made it well-suited for various applications. Hunting, especially for small game like rabbits and squirrels, and upland birds such as quail and grouse, are areas where the 20-gauge excels. The lighter weight and manageable recoil make it an excellent choice for younger shooters or those who are sensitive to heavier recoil.
In a home defense context, a Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun offers a viable option, providing sufficient stopping power while minimizing over-penetration concerns. The shorter range and spread of the shot increase accuracy at close ranges.
Target shooting, including informal clay shooting, is another practical application. The 20-gauge’s lighter recoil and manageable size are comfortable for extended shooting sessions. The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun is a capable platform for these activities, making it a versatile firearm.
Assessing Value: The Collector’s Perspective and Market Dynamics
The value of a Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun is influenced by many factors, including its condition, model rarity, and originality. A shotgun in excellent condition, exhibiting minimal wear and retaining its original finish, will generally command a higher price than a shotgun in poor condition with significant damage. Models in pristine condition can be quite valuable.
Rarity plays a key role, as certain models or variations are more sought after by collectors. Originality is also important. Collectors prize guns that retain their original parts and features.
Current market prices vary widely, depending on these factors. Collectors will typically range from a few hundred dollars to upwards of a thousand dollars for the most exceptional examples. The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun represents an affordable entry point into the world of antique firearms collecting.
Keeping it in Good Shape: Maintenance, Care, and Safety
Maintaining the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun is key to preserving its performance and longevity. Regular cleaning is essential. After each use, the bore should be cleaned with a cleaning rod, patches, and solvent to remove powder residue and fouling. The action should be disassembled, cleaned, and lubricated to ensure smooth operation.
Proper storage is also important. The shotgun should be stored in a secure location, away from moisture and extreme temperatures. A gun safe is the best solution.
The Good and the Bad: A Balanced Perspective
The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun is an excellent shotgun but, like any firearm, has its pros and cons.
Pros:
- Reliability: Pump-action shotguns are known for their reliability.
- Ease of Operation: The pump-action mechanism is intuitive.
- Affordability: Western Field shotguns are usually reasonably priced.
- Versatility: These shotguns can be used for a variety of hunting and sporting applications.
Cons:
- Potential for Jamming: It’s rare, but it is possible if you use poor quality ammo.
- Less Power: While the 20 gauge is a fine round, it doesn’t match the power of a 12 gauge.
- Parts Availability: Depending on the model, parts may be difficult to find.
Comparing the Options: Alternatives to the Western Field
While the Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun has its strengths, many alternatives exist. Pump-action shotguns from Mossberg, Remington, and Winchester are very popular. Each brand offers features and benefits. The Mossberg 500 is a reliable and affordable option. The Remington 870 is a classic pump-action that is incredibly popular. The Winchester SXP is a modern and fast pump action. The choice ultimately depends on individual needs and preferences.
Final Thoughts: A Legacy Forged in Function
The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun occupies a unique space in the history of American firearms. It represents a time when practicality, affordability, and access were paramount. It offered shooters a reliable and versatile firearm, and its legacy continues to resonate with hunters, shooters, and collectors. It is a reminder of the ingenuity of American manufacturing.
The Western Field 20 Gauge Pump Shotgun is more than just a gun; it’s a piece of American history. If you are looking for a reliable, easy to use shotgun for hunting, target shooting, or home defense, look no further. This reliable shotgun will offer years of reliable performance.
