Understanding the AR-10 Platform
Caliber Choices and their Applications
The .308 Winchester/7.62x51mm NATO is arguably the most ubiquitous AR-10 caliber. This round is renowned for its versatility, suitable for hunting medium to large game, and excels at range shooting. However, the AR-10 can also be found in other chamberings, each with its own strengths. For example, 6.5 Creedmoor is gaining immense popularity, offering superior ballistics and a flatter trajectory for longer-range engagements. Other options include the .260 Remington, providing similar performance to 6.5 Creedmoor but with slightly different brass availability, or even some larger calibers like .338 Federal. The choice of caliber is probably the single most influential factor in determining the intended use of your rifle. Prioritize the purpose of your build; what you want to accomplish with the final product will shape this critical decision.
AR-10 vs. AR-15: Key Differences
While sharing a common design philosophy, the AR-10 and AR-15 have important differences. The AR-10 is typically larger and heavier due to the larger ammunition used. This size disparity extends to the receiver and internal components, such as the bolt carrier group (BCG). AR-10 BCGs are specifically designed to manage the increased recoil and pressure generated by the larger rounds. Parts compatibility is another significant consideration. Unlike the relatively standardized AR-15 world, AR-10 parts are often not fully interchangeable. There are several proprietary patterns, the most common being DPMS and Armalite styles. Careful research and verification of compatibility are vital before purchasing components.
Essential Considerations Before You Start to Build an AR 10
Building a firearm is a responsibility. Before you even think about gathering components, you must be fully aware of the local, state, and federal laws governing firearms in your area. These regulations dictate which components are legal, which accessories are permitted, and the registration requirements, if any. Ignorance of these laws is no defense. Do your research!
Also, carefully determine the purpose of your AR-10 build. Are you planning to use it for hunting, target shooting, home defense, or something else? Different uses will lead to vastly different component choices. Consider the practical range you need, the type of game you might hunt (if applicable), and the accessories required.
Establishing a budget is absolutely crucial. Building an AR-10 can be expensive, and costs can quickly spiral out of control. Set a firm budget and stick to it. Research the price of each component before you commit. By setting realistic expectations and prioritizing needs over wants, you can avoid exceeding your budget and achieve your goals for the build.
Gathering the Required Components for your Build an AR 10
Assembling an AR-10 involves gathering a selection of components. The quality and compatibility of these parts directly affect the rifle’s accuracy, reliability, and longevity.
The Core Components
The foundation of any AR-10 build is the upper and lower receiver. The upper receiver houses the barrel, bolt carrier group, charging handle, and handguard. The lower receiver contains the fire control group (trigger, hammer, safety selector), buffer tube assembly, and stock.
Upper Receiver: This is the top part of your rifle, which is usually made out of forged or billet aluminum, and is critical for the function of your rifle.
Barrel: The barrel is the heart of the rifle’s accuracy. You must select the correct caliber, length, and twist rate based on your intended use and the ammunition you plan to use.
Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): The BCG is a core, critical component of the AR-10. It houses the bolt, extractor, and firing pin and is responsible for cycling the action, extracting spent casings, and loading new rounds.
Charging Handle: The charging handle is essential for manually cycling the action, particularly for loading the first round and clearing malfunctions.
Lower Receiver: This houses the fire control group and other important components. Be sure to match this with your chosen upper receiver design.
Lower Parts Kit (LPK): The LPK comprises the trigger, hammer, safety selector, springs, detents, and other small parts necessary for the lower receiver’s functionality.
Buffer Tube, Buffer Spring, and Buffer Weight: This assembly manages the recoil of the larger rounds. The buffer weight is crucial for reliable cycling.
Stock or Pistol Brace: The stock or pistol brace affects the ergonomics, handling, and shouldering of the rifle. The choice is based on personal preference and local laws.
Handguard: The handguard protects the barrel and provides mounting points for accessories like lights, lasers, and grips.
Optional, but Recommended, Components
While not essential, certain components can dramatically improve the functionality, versatility, and enjoyment of your AR-10.
Muzzle Device: Flash hiders, compensators, and suppressors can mitigate recoil, muzzle flash, and noise.
Optics and Mounts: Quality optics are critical for long-range shooting or precise targeting.
Sights: Back-up iron sights (BUIS) provide a secondary aiming method in case of optic failure.
Accessories: Bipods, slings, and weapon lights can enhance the rifle’s functionality for different uses.
Where to Purchase Components
Finding the right components at the right price requires research. Reputable online retailers offer a vast selection, and you can compare prices easily. Local gun stores (LGS) provide expert advice and hands-on inspection of products. Remember that you are building your own AR 10! Consider used marketplaces to discover deals on quality parts, but always inspect the items meticulously before purchasing.
Addressing Compatibility Concerns
As mentioned earlier, AR-10 compatibility is critical. Research the pattern of your upper receiver and confirm that all the components you purchase are compatible. The DPMS pattern is very common. However, there are still variations and differences in dimensions. Always review the manufacturer’s compatibility notes on any part before purchase.
Essential Tools and Equipment
Having the proper tools is fundamental to a successful build. A well-equipped workspace is a huge asset.
Essential Tools for Your Build an AR 10:
Torque Wrench: A torque wrench is non-negotiable. You need to properly torque the barrel nut and other components to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Punch Set: A punch set is for installing and removing pins, such as those holding the trigger, hammer, and takedown pins.
Armorer’s Wrench: The armorer’s wrench is necessary for installing and removing the barrel nut and buffer tube.
Vice and Vise Blocks: Use a vice with a dedicated AR-10 upper and lower receiver block to securely hold the receivers without causing damage.
Soft-Faced Hammer: This is essential for tapping components into place without marring them.
Gunsmithing Screwdrivers: Precision screwdrivers are necessary for working with various small parts and components.
Assembly Grease/Oil: Use appropriate lubricants to reduce friction and prevent wear.
Loctite: Thread locker is crucial for securing screws and preventing loosening.
Optional but Recommended Tools
Receiver Action Block: An action block can help secure the upper receiver during assembly.
Pivot Pin Tool: This tool simplifies the installation of the pivot pins.
Bench block: These blocks provide stable surfaces for assembly.
Safety Equipment
Always prioritize safety. Wear eye protection and hearing protection during the entire build process. Safety glasses and ear muffs are mandatory.
The Step-by-Step Building Process
Assembling an AR-10 is a detailed process that should be approached with precision.
Building the Lower Receiver
Install the Lower Parts Kit: Begin by installing the fire control group (trigger, hammer, safety selector, etc.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure that all pins are correctly seated and that the parts function smoothly.
Install the Buffer Tube Assembly: Screw the buffer tube into the lower receiver, then insert the buffer spring and buffer.
Install the Stock or Pistol Brace: Install the stock or pistol brace onto the buffer tube.
Building the Upper Receiver
Install the Barrel: Carefully thread the barrel into the upper receiver and tighten the barrel nut to the manufacturer’s recommended torque specifications using an armorer’s wrench and a torque wrench.
Install the Handguard: Attach the handguard to the upper receiver.
Install the Bolt Carrier Group: Insert the bolt carrier group into the upper receiver and ensure that it cycles smoothly.
Install the Charging Handle: Insert the charging handle.
Mount the Muzzle Device: Attach the muzzle device, if applicable, to the muzzle of the barrel.
Assembling the Upper and Lower Receivers
Connect the Upper and Lower Receivers: Align the upper and lower receivers and insert the pivot and takedown pins.
Inspection and Troubleshooting
Once assembled, the rifle requires thorough inspection and testing.
Functionality Checks
Cycling the Action: Manually cycle the action to ensure that the bolt moves smoothly and that all components operate correctly.
Trigger and Safety: Check that the trigger pulls smoothly and that the safety selector engages and disengages properly.
Magazine Test: Ensure that the magazine locks securely and releases correctly.
Addressing Common Problems
Failure to Feed: This can be caused by issues with the magazine, bolt carrier group, or feed ramps.
Failure to Eject: Check the extractor and ejector and ensure that the spent casings are being extracted and ejected properly.
Light Primer Strikes: This may be caused by a weak hammer spring or a faulty firing pin.
Bolt Not Locking Back: This might be a result of buffer weight issues or a weak buffer spring.
Seeking Professional Help
If you encounter issues that you cannot resolve, do not hesitate to seek help from a qualified gunsmith.
Finalizing Your Build
Once the rifle is functioning correctly, you can finalize the build.
Adding Optics and Accessories
Mounting Optics: Properly mount your chosen optic, ensuring it is securely attached and properly aligned.
Installing Accessories: Attach any other desired accessories, such as a bipod, sling, or weapon light.
Cleaning and Maintenance
Cleaning Procedures: Clean the rifle thoroughly after each use.
Lubrication: Apply appropriate lubricants to moving parts.
Test Firing
Safe Range: Always test fire your rifle in a safe environment.
Break-in Period: Some barrels need a break-in period.
Adjustments: Make any necessary adjustments to your rifle’s components or accessories.
Conclusion
Building an AR-10 is a rewarding project, resulting in a personalized firearm that meets your specific needs. By carefully following this guide and adhering to safety protocols, you can **build an AR 10** you can be proud of. Remember, building is a skill, and it’s developed through practice and learning. This guide has provided you with the information and guidance to successfully complete your own build, but further research and understanding of your components is recommended. The journey of building an AR-10 offers a fantastic opportunity to improve your understanding of firearms.
Building an AR-10 offers more than just acquiring a powerful rifle; it’s an opportunity to become intimately familiar with its mechanics and operation. If you’re ready to take the leap, the knowledge gained will enrich your experience with your firearm. Happy building!
