A Brief History of a Modern Magnum
Early Days
The .270 WSM was introduced to the shooting world by Winchester in the early years of the new millennium. This innovative cartridge was designed to provide a significant performance boost over the venerable .270 Winchester, a cartridge already lauded for its accuracy and effectiveness. The goal was to offer a round that could deliver higher velocities and flatter trajectories, ultimately increasing the effective range and energy delivered downrange.
Design Philosophy
The “Short Magnum” designation highlights its design philosophy: a shorter, fatter case optimized for efficiency and performance within a shorter action rifle. This compact design allowed for faster bolt action cycles, which can be crucial in a hunting situation where follow-up shots might be needed.
Unpacking the Ballistics: Velocity, Trajectory, and Energy
Velocity
Understanding the ballistics of the .270 WSM is crucial to appreciate its capabilities. The cartridge utilizes bullets with a .277-inch diameter, the same as the standard .270 Winchester. However, the .270 WSM typically propels these bullets at considerably higher velocities.
Muzzle velocities vary based on bullet weight and powder selection, but typically range from around three thousand feet per second (fps) to upwards of three thousand two hundred fps, or even higher, with lighter bullets. This enhanced speed translates to a flatter trajectory and reduced wind drift, factors that contribute to greater accuracy at longer ranges.
Trajectory
One of the most significant advantages of the .270 WSM is its flat trajectory. This means that the bullet drops less over a given distance compared to slower cartridges. This makes it easier to estimate holdover, especially at extended ranges. For example, a 140-grain bullet fired from a .270 WSM might only drop a few inches at a range of three hundred yards when sighted in at two hundred yards. The flat trajectory translates into a greater “point-blank range,” making it easier to hit targets without adjusting for bullet drop.
Energy and Terminal Ballistics
The higher velocity translates into increased kinetic energy at impact. This means the bullet delivers more energy to the target, which translates to a greater impact force. The .270 WSM offers a substantial amount of energy at typical hunting ranges, which is beneficial for clean and effective kills. When combined with properly constructed bullets, the .270 WSM delivers excellent terminal performance. Bullets will reliably expand and penetrate, creating significant wound channels.
Advantages: Power and Precision in a Compact Package
Raw Performance Benefits
The .270 WSM boasts several key advantages that have earned it a dedicated following among hunters.
At the core of the appeal lies raw performance. The .270 WSM provides a substantial increase in velocity compared to the standard .270 Winchester. The increased speed allows hunters to reach farther out, providing more effective energy transfer for quicker kills.
Trajectory Advantages
The flatter trajectory is arguably a key factor in the cartridge’s popularity. The trajectory allows for extended-range shooting capability and a more simplified aiming process. It reduces the need for constant adjustments for bullet drop, which becomes critical when hunting at unknown distances or in variable conditions.
Compact Design
The “Short Magnum” design allows it to be chambered in short-action rifles. This reduces the overall length of the rifle, making it easier to handle, maneuver, and carry in the field. Short actions also often cycle faster than their long-action counterparts, potentially aiding in faster follow-up shots.
Hunting Versatility
The .270 WSM is versatile enough to be used for hunting a variety of game species. From medium-sized game, like deer and pronghorn, to larger animals such as elk, the .270 WSM can prove to be effective when employing the right bullet weight and construction.
Disadvantages to Consider
Recoil Effects
While the .270 WSM offers many benefits, it’s important to acknowledge the potential drawbacks.
The increased power comes at the cost of increased recoil. The .270 WSM can generate a significant amount of felt recoil, which may be uncomfortable for some shooters, particularly those who are new to rifle shooting or are sensitive to recoil. Practicing with a .270 WSM rifle will help to mitigate the effect of the recoil and help the shooter become more proficient.
Barrel Life Expectations
The higher pressures and velocities associated with the .270 WSM can potentially lead to a shorter barrel life compared to some other cartridges. Repeated firing can cause erosion in the barrel, which affects accuracy over time. Barrel life varies based on a number of factors, but hunters should be aware of this potential.
Ammunition Availability
While .270 WSM ammunition and components are more readily available than in the past, the cartridge may not be as widely stocked as more common rounds like the .30-06 Springfield or the .270 Winchester.
Hunting Applications: Reaching for the Distance
Deer Hunting
The .270 WSM’s capabilities make it a strong contender for a wide range of hunting situations.
The cartridge is an excellent choice for hunting deer, including whitetail, mule deer, and blacktail deer. The combination of flat trajectory, significant energy, and readily available bullets makes the .270 WSM ideal.
Elk Hunting
The .270 WSM can effectively take down elk, but proper bullet selection and shot placement are crucial. A heavier, well-constructed bullet will be necessary to achieve the desired penetration.
Other Game
The .270 WSM can also be used for hunting other game species like pronghorn, black bear, and coyotes.
Choosing a Rifle for the .270 WSM
Manufacturers and Models
Several manufacturers offer rifles chambered in .270 WSM, providing a diverse range of options.
Winchester, the originator, continues to produce .270 WSM rifles. Other major players include Browning, Savage Arms, and Remington. Each manufacturer offers a selection of models with different features and price points.
Rifle Features
When choosing a .270 WSM rifle, consider the following:
* **Barrel Length:** A longer barrel usually increases velocity, which is desired when choosing a .270 WSM.
* **Action Type:** Bolt-action rifles are standard. Consider a short action to capitalize on the cartridge’s design.
* **Accuracy:** Look for a rifle with a reputation for accuracy, which will be essential for effective long-range shooting.
* **Scope Mounting:** Ensure that the rifle’s scope mounting system is compatible with your chosen optic and that the mount is sturdy.
Reloading the .270 WSM: Tailoring Performance
Benefits of Reloading
Handloading the .270 WSM offers the opportunity to tailor the cartridge’s performance to specific hunting needs and shooting preferences. This practice allows the hunter to fine-tune bullet weights, powder charges, and overall loads, to create extremely accurate and effective rounds.
Reloading allows for optimization of accuracy, cost savings in the long run, and the ability to choose specific bullet types and weights for different game. It also gives the hunter complete control over the ammunition.
Essential Components
To reload, you’ll need:
* **Brass Cases:** Once-fired .270 WSM cases.
* **Primers:** Appropriate primers for the cartridge.
* **Powder:** A suitable powder, carefully chosen for the bullet weight.
* **Bullets:** .277-inch diameter bullets, selected for the intended game.
* **Reloading Equipment:** Reloading press, dies, scales, and other tools.
Powder Selection
Powder selection is critical for achieving optimal performance. Consult reloading manuals from reputable sources to find the correct powder and load data.
Load Data
Always consult reliable sources such as reloading manuals from bullet and powder manufacturers. This will include information about maximum loads.
Safety First
Reloading involves handling explosive materials. Always follow all safety precautions, wear appropriate safety glasses, and double-check your measurements.
Comparison: Matching Up the .270 WSM
.270 Winchester
Comparing the .270 WSM to other cartridges can help hunters decide if it’s the right choice.
The .270 WSM was designed to improve upon the .270 Winchester. The .270 WSM offers higher velocities, a flatter trajectory, and more retained energy. The .270 Winchester is often seen as a better all-around choice due to its more accessible ammo and less recoil, but the .270 WSM has the edge at longer ranges.
7mm Remington Magnum
The 7mm Remington Magnum is another popular magnum cartridge. The 7mm Rem Mag tends to be capable of driving heavier bullets to higher velocities and has an edge in very long-range applications. However, the .270 WSM can offer a flatter trajectory with lighter weight bullets at more accessible ranges.
Other Options
Other rounds like the 6.5 Creedmoor and the .308 Winchester are sometimes considered alternatives. The 6.5 Creedmoor offers low recoil and excellent long-range performance, while the .308 is a versatile round that is very common.
Closing Thoughts: Is the .270 WSM Right for You?
The .270 WSM is a powerful and versatile cartridge that offers outstanding performance in a relatively compact package. Its flat trajectory, high velocity, and energy make it a superb choice for hunting a variety of game species, particularly at extended ranges. However, the .270 WSM is not without its drawbacks. Increased recoil, a shorter barrel life, and limited ammo availability are some things to consider when deciding if the .270 WSM is right for you.
If you are a hunter or shooter who is comfortable with some recoil, appreciates excellent ballistics, and wants a versatile cartridge that offers excellent performance, the .270 WSM is a good option. Research the cartridge, find a well-suited rifle, and consider the game you will hunt. The .270 WSM is a modern magnum cartridge that is well-suited for a wide range of hunting scenarios. The .270 WSM has been a favorite among hunters and it’s likely to continue this trend.
