A History of .22 Centerfires
The realm of high-velocity, precision-oriented cartridges offers a diverse landscape of choices for shooters, hunters, and varminting enthusiasts. Within this world, the .22 caliber centerfire cartridges have carved a prominent niche, celebrated for their flat trajectories, minimal recoil, and inherent accuracy. Two stand out as particularly compelling contenders: the .22-250 Ackley Improved (AI) and the .22 Creedmoor. These rounds, though both designed to deliver exceptional performance, approach the task with distinct characteristics, making the selection process a fascinating endeavor. This article delves into a comprehensive comparison of these two popular .22 centerfires, evaluating their strengths, weaknesses, and suitability for various applications. We will dissect ballistics, performance in the field, reloading considerations, and rifle availability to help you determine which cartridge best suits your shooting aspirations.
Early Innovations
Before we compare the two stars, let’s consider the broader category. The .22 caliber centerfire cartridges have roots that stretch back to the early days of smokeless powder. The goal was clear: to achieve high velocities with relatively small bullets, leading to flat trajectories and extended effective ranges. This early focus on velocity has defined the category, fueling ongoing innovation and creating cartridges that cater to specific needs, from paper punching to predator control. This evolution is not just about velocity though; the design and components available has continued to improve over the years, refining accuracy and expanding performance.
Introducing the Contenders: The 22-250 AI and the 22 Creedmoor
Let’s set the stage by introducing the two stars of our comparison.
The 22-250 AI
The .22-250 Ackley Improved (AI) is the product of the ingenuity of P.O. Ackley, a renowned firearms innovator and advocate for improved cartridge designs. It is a derivative of the classic .22-250 Remington, which was, in turn, based on a wildcat round. Ackley’s “improved” design involves fire-forming the original .22-250 case in a custom chamber. This fire-forming process pushes the brass against the chamber’s sharper shoulder angle, expanding the case capacity and ultimately leading to higher velocities. While the .22-250 AI requires a little more work up front, its fans appreciate the added performance it can offer.
The 22 Creedmoor
The .22 Creedmoor, on the other hand, is a more recent development, born from the popular 6.5 Creedmoor cartridge. The 6.5 Creedmoor’s excellent performance in competitive shooting spurred the development of this necked-down variant, specifically optimized for high ballistic coefficient .22-caliber bullets. Its parent case design, created for enhanced accuracy and long-range performance, offers a modern approach to the .22 centerfire concept.
Comparing Cartridge Specifications
Now, let’s get into the technical details of each round.
Case Dimensions
The .22-250 AI starts life as a .22-250 Remington case. Then, by firing the round in the AI chamber, the case takes on new dimensions. The shoulder angle increases, and the body of the case is slightly straightened, resulting in an increase in powder capacity. This change in capacity is the key to the AI’s advantage.
The .22 Creedmoor, conversely, has its own established dimensions. The case is derived from the 6.5 Creedmoor, sharing the same parent case design optimized for aerodynamic efficiency. This results in a case that is slightly longer than the .22-250 AI, but offers a more efficient design for long, high-BC bullets.
Bullet Options
For bullet selection, both cartridges use .224-inch diameter bullets. The .22-250 AI can effectively handle bullets from lighter varmint bullets up to heavier options for longer ranges. The .22 Creedmoor benefits from its case design. It is often optimized for the longer, heavier bullets, which have greater ballistic coefficients and wind resistance. These bullets can maintain their velocity and resist wind drift much better than lighter alternatives.
Powder and Primers
Powder choices are crucial for both cartridges. The .22-250 AI usually utilizes slower-burning powders to achieve high velocities. The .22 Creedmoor also leans toward slower-burning options, though a slightly different powder profile may be ideal, depending on the specific bullet weight and intended application. This often allows for greater consistency across all loads.
Both cartridges use small rifle primers. Proper primer selection is a key element in reloading accuracy.
Ballistics: A Deep Dive
Let’s dissect how these cartridges perform in the real world.
Muzzle Velocity
Muzzle velocity is one of the key differentiators. The .22-250 AI, when handloaded with the right components, can often achieve slightly higher muzzle velocities than the .22 Creedmoor, particularly when using lighter bullets. However, this is not the whole picture, as barrel length and the specific handload plays a crucial role.
Trajectory
The trajectory of a bullet is key to long-range shooting. Both cartridges are known for relatively flat trajectories, but the .22 Creedmoor, when loaded with high ballistic coefficient (BC) bullets, can sometimes exhibit an advantage at extreme ranges, due to their improved ability to maintain velocity. This is because they are less susceptible to the effects of gravity. The lower drop results in a flatter trajectory over longer distances.
Energy at Impact
Energy at impact is a critical factor, especially for hunting. The .22-250 AI and .22 Creedmoor both deliver significant energy at typical hunting ranges. The .22 Creedmoor, due to its heavier bullet options, can often retain more energy at longer distances, making it a strong choice for reaching out.
Wind Drift
Wind drift, arguably, is the most challenging factor for long-range shooting. High ballistic coefficient bullets are designed to fight wind drift. While both cartridges are relatively wind-resistant, the .22 Creedmoor, particularly with those heavy, high-BC bullets, generally excels in windy conditions.
Field Performance: Putting it to the Test
Let’s consider what these cartridges look like in practice.
Accuracy
Both the .22-250 AI and .22 Creedmoor have the potential for exceptional accuracy. The .22-250 AI, with careful handloading and a quality rifle, can easily achieve sub-MOA groups. The .22 Creedmoor, with its parent case design, also provides outstanding accuracy potential. The key factors are all about the rifle and the ammunition.
Effective Range
The effective range of both cartridges varies with the bullet, the load, and the shooter’s skill. The .22-250 AI excels in the ranges that many varmint and predator hunters operate in, while the .22 Creedmoor’s long-range potential expands the envelope.
Hunting Applications
For hunting applications, both cartridges have their places. The .22-250 AI is a popular choice for varminting and small-game hunting. The .22 Creedmoor is also effective for these, but its ability to handle heavier bullets makes it a good option for larger predators, or even small deer-sized game in jurisdictions where legal.
Varminting
For varminting, both rounds shine. The flat trajectories, high velocities, and effective range of the .22 Creedmoor make it an exceptional choice for challenging varmint targets at extended distances, while the .22-250 AI remains a favored choice, especially when speed is key.
Reloading: A Deep Dive
Handloading can unlock the full potential of these cartridges.
Brass Availability and Costs
Brass availability is an essential factor. The .22-250 AI brass can be sourced from the .22-250 Rem, which is widely available. The .22 Creedmoor also benefits from the popularity of its parent case, making brass readily available. As demand for both continue to grow, component costs will continue to change.
Dies and Components
Dies and components are vital. For the .22-250 AI, you will need to obtain a set of .22-250 AI reloading dies. The .22 Creedmoor is equally well supported, with die sets widely available.
Reloading Process
Reloading is easier, generally, for the .22 Creedmoor, since the case is in its finished dimensions. With the .22-250 AI, you will need to fire-form the brass to the Ackley Improved dimensions before reloading. This process adds an extra step, but it can be very rewarding.
Powder and Primer Selection
Powder and primer selection is key. Choose your powder based on bullet weight and desired velocity. Consult reloading manuals and online resources.
Rifles and the Marketplace
The rifles that chamber these cartridges are readily available and can impact your choice.
Factory Rifles
Factory rifles are readily available for the .22 Creedmoor. The .22-250 AI, on the other hand, usually requires a custom rifle chambering. This means you’ll need to work with a gunsmith to get a rifle chambered in the AI variant.
Rifle Costs
Rifle costs vary. The .22 Creedmoor, as a factory offering, is often more economical. The .22-250 AI, with the custom chambering, typically comes with a higher price tag.
Advantages, Disadvantages, and Key Considerations
Let’s summarize the strengths and weaknesses.
22-250 AI advantages and disadvantages
The .22-250 AI has the potential for very high velocities and is widely supported with components. The downside is the need for custom chambering and the additional steps involved with fire-forming brass.
22 Creedmoor advantages and disadvantages
The .22 Creedmoor, by comparison, has readily available factory ammunition and a potentially superior long-range performance. The primary disadvantages are a bit of a steeper recoil than some 22-250 loads, and it can be hard to find an optimal load for your gun.
Which is the Right Choice?
Let’s get to the heart of the matter.
Hunting
For hunters who prioritize speed and energy at moderate ranges, the .22-250 AI may be the winner. Varmint shooters, or anyone who prioritizes extreme velocity for flat trajectories, could opt for the AI.
Long Range
For hunters who demand long-range performance, or those looking for a cartridge with greater wind-bucking capabilities, the .22 Creedmoor could be a great match. This cartridge is also very effective for target shooting at extended ranges.
In the end, the choice depends on your unique shooting needs, preferred shooting distances, and your tolerance for handloading.
In Conclusion
The .22-250 AI and .22 Creedmoor are both excellent choices, catering to different needs within the .22 caliber centerfire landscape. The .22-250 AI offers raw speed and the potential for impressive performance at shorter ranges. The .22 Creedmoor, with its modern design and heavy bullet potential, allows for great performance out to further distances. Consider your preferred ranges, shooting style, and reloading preferences when choosing between them. Evaluate your budget, too. The cost of the rifle, ammunition, and reloading components, can have a huge impact. The best way to decide is to try both, or ask your local gun shop or range professional for advice.
This decision is just the beginning. The world of .22 centerfire cartridges is vast. The best choice is always the one that allows you to enjoy shooting. So, choose wisely, and may your shots be true.
